排放生活污水对红树林底栖动物群落季节变化的影响

经过两年的试验,研究了福田红树林中底栖大型动物群落的季节变化特征以及生活污水的排灌对其造成的可能影响。结果表明,红树区底栖大型动物群落总平均生物量的季节变化是不显著的（P>0.05）。总平均栖息密度明显地在1月和7月出现两个高峰,总体和软体动物的栖息密度出现显著的季节变化（P<0.01）。红树林断面经60m³/周的生活污水处理16个月,与对照断面相比,排污对底栖动物群落总的及其组成成份生物量和栖息密度的季节变化未造成显著影响（P>0.05）。但在排放污水断面的前端出现了一些污水性生物种类。     

实施排污许可证制度的经济手段──环境补偿在太原市的实行

具备了实行环境补偿的法律依据和技术支持体系之后,在搞了三个大气环境补偿试点实践的基础上,结合太原市实施排放大气污染物许可证制度试点工作的需要,又进行了一段时间和一定范围的大气环境补偿试点工作,证明了大气环境补偿是实施大气排污许可证制度的一项有效的经济手段。      

包头市大气氟化物总量控制排放许可证研究

总结了包头市实施大气排污许可证制度试点中,关于氟化物总量控制许可值的确定方法,主要包括源强的确定、大气扩散模式筛选与验证、总量控制区划定与执行标准、控制点选择、污染源贡献率和削减量计算、许可值的优化分配。      

趋势面方法在大气污染物观测与分析中的应用

提出了大气污染物观测是与分析中的一种新的方法——趋势面方法。这种用多项式函数模拟的趋势面可以找出城市大气降尘的总的趋势变化,还可以找出受局部因素影响具有局部特点的变化。      

抚西河流域水环境容量测算

就目前抚西河流域水系特征、水文特征、排入源现状 ,以该流域应达到的水质目标和恢复其应有的自然功能为依据 ,选用一维模型对抚西河流域纳污能力进行测算     

抚顺市大气污染物对降水pH值的影响及预测分析

降水 pH值在一定程度上反映了降水和大气的污染状况。研究抚顺市大气污染物对降水 pH值的影响并预测了未来几年降水 pH值的变化趋势。结果表明 :抚顺市的降水酸度是由大气中的SO2 等酸性气体和碱性尘埃共同作用的结果 ,降水 pH值向酸性降水发展。     

南京市机动车排气污染控制和管理对策

简述了南京市机动车排气污染控制和管理对策。对新机动车排气控制实施了新车上牌的环保注册登记目录制,鼓励生产厂家采用先进的排放控制技术,达到国家制定的排放控制目标和排放标准;对在用机动车排气控制实施检测／维护(I／M)制度,对尾气排放不达标车辆进行正常的维修和保养,保证其发动机处于正常技术状况;对高排放污染机动车辆,安装尾气净化装置,以改善机动车排放水平。定期检测中各类型车辆维护前后排气污染物削减结果表明,85％的高排放污染车辆能达标,且CO的削减率最高,达50％左右;定期检测中各类型车辆安装机内净化器前后排气污染物削减结果表明,二次补气机内净化器对CO的净化率为22．5％～30．0％,对HC的净化率为9．7％～30．0％;高能电子点火机内净化器对CO的净化率为5．4％～22．2％,对HC的净化率为17．2％～30．8％。不定期检测中,一些高排放污染车辆安装三元催化反应器后,其净化率可达80％～90％。     

A new prediction method of industrial atmospheric pollutant emission intensity based on pollutant emission standard quantification

● Established a quantification method of pollutant emission standard. ● Predicted the SO₂ emission intensity of single coking enterprises in China. ● Evaluated the influence of pollutant discharge standard on prediction accuracy. ● Analyzed the SO₂ emissions of Chinese provincial and municipal coking enterprises. Industrial emissions are the main source of atmospheric pollutants in China. Accurate and reasonable prediction of the emission of atmospheric pollutants from single enterprise can determine the exact source of atmospheric pollutants and control atmospheric pollution precisely. Based on China’s coking enterprises in 2020, we proposed a quantitative method for pollutant emission standards and introduced the quantification results of pollutant emission standards (QRPES) into the construction of support vector regression (SVR) and random forest regression (RFR) prediction methods for SO₂ emission of coking enterprises in China. The results show that, affected by the types of coke ovens and regions, China’s current coking enterprises have implemented a total of 21 emission standards, with marked differences. After adding QRPES, it was found that the root mean squared error (RMSE) of SVR and RFR decreased from 0.055 kt/a and 0.059 kt/a to 0.045 kt/a and 0.039 kt/a, and theR² increased from 0.890 and 0.881 to 0.926 and 0.945, respectively. This shows that the QRPES can greatly improve the prediction accuracy, and the SO₂ emissions of each enterprise are highly correlated with the strictness of standards. The predicted result shows that 45% of SO₂ emissions from Chinese coking enterprises are concentrated in Shanxi, Shaanxi and Hebei provinces in central China. The method created in this paper fills in the blank of forecasting method of air pollutant emission intensity of single enterprise and is of great help to the accurate control of air pollutants.     

Dual-reaction-center catalytic process continues Fenton’s story

• Dual-reaction-center (DRC) system breaks through bottleneck of Fenton reaction. • Utilization of intrinsic electrons of pollutants is realized in DRC system. • DRC catalytic process well continues Fenton’s story. Triggered by global water quality safety issues, the research on wastewater treatment and water purification technology has been greatly developed in recent years. The Fenton technology is particularly powerful due to the rapid attack on pollutants by the generated hydroxyl radicals (•OH). However, both heterogeneous and homogeneous Fenton/Fenton-like technologies follow the classical reaction mechanism, which depends on the oxidation and reduction of the transition metal ions at single sites. So even after a century of development, this reaction still suffers from its inherent bottlenecks in practical application. In recent years, our group has been focusing on studying a novel heterogeneous Fenton catalytic process, and we developed the dual-reaction-center (DRC) system for the first time. In the DRC system, H₂O₂ and O₂ can be efficiently reduced to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in electron-rich centers, while pollutants are captured and oxidized by the electron-deficient centers. The obtained electrons from pollutants are diverted to the electron-rich centers through bonding bridges. This process breaks through the classic Fenton mechanism, and improves the performance and efficiency of pollutant removal in a wide pH range. Here, we provide a brief overview of Fenton’s story and focus on combing the discovery and development of the DRC technology and mechanism in recent years. The construction of the DRC and its performance in the pollutant degradation and interfacial reaction process are described in detail. We look forward to bringing a new perspective to continue Fenton’s story through research and development of DRC technology.     

生产经营单位危险源点控制

介绍了危险源点的辨识及定量评价方法,提出了对危险源点进行分级管理以及危险源点控制措施。